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MJ-EN 022 · Science

研究・科学の話をする英語

Science — Research everyone talks about。ネイティブが実際に使う43個を、意味・例文・発音つきでまとめました。

  1. the spacing effect分散効果（間隔をあけて復習すると覚えやすい） — Don't cram. Spread it out. It's called the spacing effect.
  2. retrieval practice想起練習（思い出す練習で記憶が強くなる） — Rereading feels productive, but testing yourself works better. That's retrieval practice.
  3. the forgetting curve忘却曲線 — According to the forgetting curve, I'll forget half of this by tomorrow.
  4. chunkingチャンク化（まとまりで覚える） — Phone numbers are easier to remember in chunks: 090, 1234, 5678.
  5. native-like fluencyネイティブらしい流暢さ — Native-like fluency comes from thousands of ready-made phrases, not grammar rules.
  6. word familiesワードファミリー（同じ語の変化形のまとまり） — To follow movies, you need around 6,000 to 7,000 word families.
  7. How many words do we know?私たちはいくつ単語を知ってる？ — An average 20-year-old American knows about 42,000 words.
  8. comprehensible input理解可能なインプット（少しだけ難しいのを大量に） — Watch shows you can mostly understand. That's comprehensible input.
  9. the mere exposure effect単純接触効果（何度も見ると好きになる） — The song annoyed me at first. Now I love it. Mere exposure effect.
  10. It takes about 66 days to build a habit.習慣化には平均66日かかる — It's not 21 days. On average, it takes about 66 days to build a habit.
  11. the Dunning-Kruger effectダニング＝クルーガー効果（できない人ほど自信過剰） — He watched one video and thinks he's an expert. Classic Dunning-Kruger.
  12. confirmation bias確証バイアス（信じたい情報だけ集める） — You only read reviews that agree with you. That's confirmation bias.
  13. Losses loom larger than gains.損失は利得より大きく感じる（損失回避） — Losing $100 hurts more than finding $100 feels good.
  14. choice overload選択肢が多すぎると選べない — Twenty-four flavors and I bought nothing. Choice overload.
  15. A fine is a price.罰金は「料金」になる — They charged parents for picking kids up late, and lateness went up. A fine is a price.
  16. delayed gratification欲求の先延ばし（あとのご褒美のために今がまんする） — Saving instead of buying sneakers? That's delayed gratification.
  17. A wandering mind is an unhappy mind.さまよう心は不幸な心 — I'm happier when I focus on one thing. A wandering mind is an unhappy mind.
  18. Give your ideas some legs.アイデアに足を（歩くと発想が出る） — Stuck on a song? Go for a walk. Give your ideas some legs.
  19. chills（音楽で）ゾクッとする — That drop gave me chills.
  20. an earworm頭から離れない曲 — That jingle is such an earworm.
  21. twice a week週2回（同じ部位を） — Training each muscle twice a week works better than once.
  22. grams of protein per kilo体重1kgあたり〜gのタンパク質 — How much protein do I need? About 1.6 grams per kilo of body weight.
  23. sleep on it一晩寝かせる（寝てから決める） — Don't decide now. Sleep on it.
  24. Dunbar's numberダンバー数（安定した関係を保てる人数は約150人） — You can't stay close to 2,000 followers. Dunbar's number is about 150.
  25. How many hours does it take to make a friend?友達になるには何時間かかる？ — It takes about 50 hours to go from acquaintance to casual friend.
  26. the 36 questions36の質問（親密になるための質問リスト） — On our second date we tried the 36 questions. It got deep fast.
  27. the suspension bridge effect吊り橋効果 — Take her to a scary movie. Suspension bridge effect.
  28. contempt軽蔑（関係を壊す一番の要因） — Eye-rolling during a fight is a sign of contempt.
  29. expressive writing表現的筆記（つらい気持ちを書き出す） — Writing lyrics about the breakup helped more than talking about it.
  30. Correlation is not causation.相関は因果ではない — Countries that eat more chocolate have more Nobel Prizes. Correlation is not causation.
  31. the 7-38-55 myth「言葉は7%しか伝わらない」は誤解 — "Only 7% of communication is words" is a myth. That study was about feelings, not all communication.
  32. deliberate practice意図的な練習（弱点を狙った練習） — Playing songs you already know isn't deliberate practice.
  33. the IKEA effectIKEA効果（自分で作ったものを高く評価する） — My crooked shelf is worth a million dollars to me. The IKEA effect.
  34. the peak-end ruleピーク・エンドの法則（体験は最高点と最後で記憶される） — End the meeting on a high note. Peak-end rule.
  35. the Zeigarnik effectツァイガルニク効果（やりかけのことは気になる） — Cliffhangers work because of the Zeigarnik effect.
  36. social jet lag社会的時差ボケ（平日と休日の睡眠時間のズレ） — After night shifts, my weekends feel like social jet lag.
  37. as impaired as being drunk酒に酔ったのと同じくらい判断力が落ちる — After 18 hours awake, you're about as impaired as someone who's had a few drinks.
  38. the placebo effectプラセボ効果（思い込みで効く） — The pill was sugar, but I felt better. Placebo effect.
  39. the Pygmalion effectピグマリオン効果（期待されると伸びる） — My boss believed in me, so I worked harder. Pygmalion effect.
  40. the illusion of fluencyわかったつもり（読み返すと覚えた気になる） — Rereading my notes gives me the illusion of fluency. I can't actually say any of it.
  41. Science says研究によると — Science says you should sleep on it.
  42. peer-reviewed査読済みの — Is that study peer-reviewed, or just a blog post?
  43. a small sample sizeサンプルが小さい — Three customers liked it? That's a small sample size.
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